Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to global agricultural systems, necessitating urgent adoption of sustainable farming practices that simultaneously enhance productivity and mitigate environmental impact. This comprehensive review examines the role of sustainable agriculture in climate change mitigation, analyzing key practices including carbon sequestration, reduced tillage systems, integrated pest management, crop diversification, and precision agriculture. The study synthesizes current research on greenhouse gas reduction potential, soil health improvement, and economic viability of sustainable farming approaches. Evidence demonstrates that sustainable farming practices can reduce agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 20-30% while maintaining crop yields and improving long-term soil fertility. The integration of traditional knowledge with modern technology emerges as critical for successful implementation of climate-smart agriculture across diverse farming systems worldwide.